Dietrich Bonheoffer makes a case that religious acts are not Essay

Dietrich Bonheoffer puts forth a defense that strict demonstrations are not really a way to nobility and salvation - Essay Example Other than that, he wrote to Bethge Eberhard where the jail corrections officers assisted with sneaking them out of jail and got instrumental in expanding on the Christian confidence. The execution request came about because of his supposed inclusion with the Abwehr, which was a military insight bunch that wanted to clear out Hitler’s presence. After some time, Bonhoeffer’s letters have become the subject of discussion wherein this scholar acquainted the ‘religionless Christianity’ where with date there is no solid significance to this expression. With this, this exposition will dig into the implying that Bonhoeffer looked to acquire this letter and examining on how exemplary acts don't really prompt a person’s salvation. II. Contentions encompassing Bonhoeffer thinking Ideally, many examined Bonhoeffer power to compose concerning Christianity as he admitted to having been smoking at the time that he was composing the letters from jail. Generally, Bo nhoeffer contended that the general public had changed into one that related with ‘religionless Christianity’ the same number of those that apparent to be strict didn't work on whatever the strict standards required. Then again, pundits contended that this scholar worked these letters about religion out of the circumstance that he was living in around then as he was living in detainment while anticipating execution. In any case, Bonhoeffer kept up his stand that Christians just depended on the wonders and the favors to affirm their relationship with God, however couldn't do so when confronted with testing circumstances. In making his contentions strong, Bonhoeffer utilized two philosophies in which one was the authentic belief system while the other was on from the religious point of view (Higgins 83). Many were not on the side of his philosophical belief systems fundamentally on the grounds that he took part in the death endeavor on Adolf Hitler in spite of the way tha t this chief had made a lot of enduring the Jews. In numerous circles, the understandings of the letters that Bonhoeffer kept in touch with his companion have fluctuated incompletely due to the nature where he used to impart his belief systems. III. The translation of strict messages in Bonhoeffer’s words To start with Bonhoeffer hint that religion had passed on and that was in presence didn't depict the genuine ways that Jesus had called individuals to follow. As much as religion has lost substance, Bonhoeffer doesn't grieve of this, however rather invites it as a transition to setting up obvious Christian religion. Numerous Christians just saw God through the side of being a wonder laborer and as one that can't connect with affliction, which was an idea that was non-authoritative. As indicated by Bonhoeffer, religion was a method of living and not another strict idea that had never existed since the time that society began encountering this relationship with God. In any cas e, Bonhoeffer contends that Christians knew about the necessities of being a Christian, however they purposely shut them out in light of the fact that they didn't agree with their conviction. Further, Bonhoeffer states that the current Christians didn't decipher the sacred writings as required, yet just did as such in manners that fit them, yet not as Christ would need it. Scholars had likewise settled a method of deciphering ideas in the book of scriptures in a political path so as to suit their

Theories Of The Origin Of The Moon Essays - Planetary Science

Speculations of The Origin of the Moon The Moon is the main common satellite of Earth. The good ways from Earth is about 384,400km with a distance across of 3476km and a mass of 7.35*1022kg. Through history it has had numerous names: Called Luna by the Romans, Selene and Artemis by the Greeks. What's more, obviously, has been known through ancient occasions. It is the second most brilliant item in the sky after the Sun. Because of its size and creation, the Moon is once in a while named an earthbound planet alongside Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Starting point of the Moon Prior to the cutting edge time of room investigation, researchers had three significant hypotheses for the source of the moon: splitting from the earth; development in earth circle; and arrangement a long way from earth. At that point, in 1975, having considered moon rocks what's more, close-up photos of the moon, researchers proposed what has become viewed as the most plausible of the speculations of development, planetesimal sway or then again mammoth effect hypothesis. Arrangement by Fission from the Earth The cutting edge adaptation of this hypothesis suggests that the moon was spun off from the earth when the earth was youthful and turning quickly on its hub. This thought picked up help halfway on the grounds that the thickness of the moon is equivalent to that of the stones just underneath the covering, or upper mantle, of the earth. A significant trouble with this hypothesis is that the rakish energy of the earth, so as to accomplish rotational unsteadiness, would must have been a lot more prominent than the rakish force of the current earth-moon framework. Development in Orbit Near the Earth This hypothesis suggests that the earth and moon, and every single other body of the sun oriented framework, consolidated freely out of the gigantic haze of cold gases and strong particles that established the early stage sunlight based cloud. A lot of this material at long last gathered at the inside to frame the sun. Arrangement Far from Earth As indicated by this hypothesis, free development of the earth and moon, as in the above hypothesis, is accepted; yet the moon should have framed at a better place in the nearby planetary group, a long way from earth. The circles of the earth and moon at that point, it is derived, conveyed them close to one another so the moon was maneuvered into perpetual circle about the earth. Planetesimal Impact First distributed in 1975, this hypothesis recommends that from the get-go in the world's history, well more than 4 billion years back, the earth was struck by a huge body called a planetesimal, about the size of Mars. The cataclysmic effect impacted divides of the earth and the planetesimal into earth circle, where flotsam and jetsam from the sway in the long run blended to frame the moon. This hypothesis, following quite a while of research on moon shakes during the 1970s and 1980s, has gotten the most generally acknowledged one for the moon's starting point. The serious issue with the hypothesis is that it would appear to necessitate that the earth liquefied all through, after the effect, while the world's geochemistry doesn't show such an extreme liquefying. Planetesimal Impact Theory (Giant Impact Theory) As the Apollo venture advanced, it became imperative that couple of researchers taking a shot at the venture were altering their perspectives on which of these three hypotheses they accepted was in all probability right, and every one of the speculations had its vocal promoters. In the years promptly following the Apollo venture, this division of sentiment kept on existing. One spectator of the scene, a therapist, inferred that the researchers contemplating the Moon were amazingly stubborn and to a great extent insusceptible to influence by logical proof. In any case, the realities were that the logical proof didn't single out any of these hypotheses. Every one of them had a few grave troubles just as at least one focuses in support of its. In the mid-1970s, different thoughts started to rise. William K. Hartmann and D.R. Davis (Planetary Sciences Institute in Tucson AZ) called attention to that the Earth, in the course of its gathering, would experience some significant crashes with other bodies that have a significant part of its mass and that these impact would produce enormous fume mists that they accept may assume a job in the arrangement of the Moon. A.G.W. Cameron and William R. Ward (Harvard

Wheres the Weirdest Place Youve Talked Books

Wheres the Weirdest Place Youve Talked Books One of the very best things about being a Book Person is meeting other Book PeopleI am firmly convinced that book people are the best people, even if I do hate talking to them on planes. Whether we read the same  books or not, all of us who love  books share a common language. We know what it means to experience the world through the lens of literature and  to make sense of our experiences by  reading. When theres no other obvious conversation topic available, we always have  books to fall back on. And so I find myself talking about  books in strange situations. Not just at dinner parties and my husbands work functions. Not just in line at the post office or with the cute guy at the gym who asks about my  Fahrenheit 451 tattoo. Oh no, that would be far too normal. The more awkward and uncomfortable the situation, the more likely I am to start talking about  books. And when I wish we could just be silent and not talk about anything, but talking seems to be required? You guessed it, Im going to  books. A selection of weird places and situations in which Ive talked about  books recently: During my annual visit to the Lady Doctor. This one happens every year. I love my Lady Doctor, and I appreciate that she always remembers what I do and takes time to ask what Im  reading. But really! Does anything say, Lets try to pretend like everything is cool and youre not wearing a paper gown while I touch your privatest private parts like, So, read any good books lately? The universe seems to conspire to make this annual conversation hilarious, as two years ago the book I was  reading at the time was a gynecologists memoir called Whats Up Down There?, and this year it was a collection of essays about Judy Blume. Achievement unlocked: talk about Are You There God, Its Me, Margaret? with a doctor who specializes in periods. At a funeral. When my grandfather passed away a few years ago (he was 95 and had lived quite a life), I found myself in a Holiday Inn in a small town in Georgia that is so far south its practically in Florida. It was the middle of the summer, and even the mosquitoes had sunburns. During the visitation (southern Methodists dont call it a wake), I discovered that my mother, being the proud mama that she is, had told the funeral director and a bunch of my grandparents friends about my job. So there I stood, shaking hands with strangers and accepting condolencesand talking about  books. Through a dressing room door at Nordstrom.  I do not like shopping for clothes. Its time consuming, and big stores have so many choices that I never know where to start, and Im short and hard to fit, and the whole experience is generally frustrating and what Charles Barkley would call turrible. But having someone else do the shopping so all I have to do is try on clothes? Amazing. Nordstrom has a (free!) personal shopper service I discovered a few years ago, and whenever I go now, I talk about  books with the shopper while she hangs out on the other side of the door. It distracts me from the million little things I find annoying about trying on clothes, and it helps her understand exactly how nerdy I am so she wont try to put me in that 80s-style-yet-somehow-fashion-forward splatter painted blazer with shoulder pads again. I am not that cool, and now she knows. In more Uber cars than I can count.  Okay, talking  books with a driver may not seem that unusual, but you should know that I make it a mission in life to space out while riding in taxis, collect my thoughts, enjoy the silence (when I can get it), and not talk. Im not rude, I just dont want to chat. But something happens when I use the Uber car service. I cant resist talking to the drivers, usually about how awesome Uber is (you request a car from an app on your phone, and then it appears like magic, then they charge your credit card for the ride and the tip, and you never have to open your wallet), and we always make our way around to, So, what do you do? And from there its all  books all the time, baby. During a bikini wax.  Something about baring my parts makes me want to bare my soul. Or maybe being physically naked makes it easier to be emotionally naked. Who knows. But there I lay, capitulating to contemporary societys impossible standards of feminine beauty, talking to the aesthetician about Justin Cronins The Passage. And then about Colson Whiteheads Zone One. And then we took a brief detour onto reality TV and the Doomsday Preppers series (because zombies). We came full circle with, Did you read Fifty Shades of Grey? Yes, honey. Yes I did. So you know its gonna take more than a little wax-and-chat to make me uncomfortable. Ive shown you mine, readers, now its your turn. Weirdest place youve talked about  books? _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

Movie Analysis The Movie Crash - 1662 Words

When watching a film you see the same structure going on where you see the a basic storyline heading towards the plot in the middle and then unveiling the huge climax at the end. Typically you see a variation within the narrative structure it al depending on the length of the film as well as the genre. Hollywood is best known to keep their films short about an hour to two hours long but enticing enough where it gives you exactly what you need to know in a short amount of time.When it comes to the textual analysis of it all it all depends on how the script is written not only that but how the script is played out in the film. In the textual analysis of a film you have to really pay attention to the environment during the film. You have to pay attention to the race in the film, the themes throughout the film and the gender roles played in the film. In the movie Crash we see many pairs where they each have their own different points of views on things and often bump heads due to their different opinions. When watching the film Crash you see the complete opposite of what you are used to and see that the film starts off in the middle of the plot and later on starts revealing the events that lead to the plot. For example, in the beginning you see different cultures interacting with each other on a certain level being very cautious about what a person does. You can immediately see the distinction between the different social and racial class. Where we see an exactShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Crash 1362 Words   |  6 Pagescalled â€Å"Crash†, this movie basically talks about racism and the impact it has on the lives of people in Los Angeles. This movie got a good response from the viewers, as it concentrated on some real harsh realities of racism and asked some hard questions which are generally avoided in movies. This movie clearly promotes the a very delicate issue, and hence requires some detailed assessment. I personally feel the movie was good and it portrayed some very common events of racism, I think â€Å"Crash† showsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1055 Words   |  5 Pages1108 23 November 2015 Movie Analysis Although the movie Crash aired in 2004, the movie does a phenomenal job at depicting social conflicts that are still evident in 2015. Crash, also deals with wide range of controversies and offers multiple narratives. And since narrative is always a two-way street, the movie does a great job of showing two perspectives of everything. More specifically, it challenges our ethical and moral beliefs in a sense that many of the scenes in the movie reside in the grey areaRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1853 Words   |  8 Pages GENRE I RACE IN THE FILM CRASH DEPARTMENT OF FILM AND CREATIVE WRITING INTRODUCTION TO FILM STUDIES B MODULE CODE: 09 24802 STUDENT ID: 1613440 MICHELE AARON UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 1. Introduction This paper is a critical analysis of the American film Crash, directed by Paul Haggis which was performed for the first time in 2004. This essay will therefore deal with Gender I and Race, two of the approaches discussed in the subject Introduction to Film Studies B in the secondRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Movie Crash takes place in Los Angeles, California in the winter time. Throughout this movie, all of the stories connect in one way or another. This movie shows the lives of a diverse population of people, they have different race and social classes. In one of the first parts of the movie, they show a racist pawn shop owner that refuses to sell a gun to a man, simply because he is speaking to his daughter in another language, he generalizes all people of that race and accuses the man of â€Å"killingRead MoreDepth Analysis of the Movie Crash2037 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will provide a broad analysis of the movie Crash, and yet a specific picture of visual narrative techniques and audio techniques. The categories contributing to the nucleus and major movie components are theatrical elements, cinematography, editing, and sound. The Academy Award winning movie Crash is a story about society s controversial subjects projected in an in your face depiction of lives that in some way or another, cross. Depth Analysis of the Movie Crash The over-all theme ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 963 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual, for instance the way they perceive others and also the way they perceive themselves. Paul Haggis’s movie â€Å"Crash† conceptualize on this idea and interpret it in an in entirely different way; so that we can see that there are reasons and motives to why our society is separated this type of way. The movie is full of many sociological issues, such as gender, race, and social class. The movie is centralize around racism, and wants to give its own interpretation on racism, the reasons why it happensRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1606 Words   |  7 Pagesare many movies out there that take a viewpoint form so many angles, this movie Crash does this that. Watching this movie brought about many emotions from my own life but to get a sense of what other people in the world go through when it comes to interacting with other races, the experiences we’ve had with them and also the perspectives we hold inside of us overall. This chapter will look at three scenes form the move crash and break each one of them down to showcase the significance of what individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesWriting Inquiry  Ã‚   September 29, 2106  Ã‚           Ã‚   Crash Movie Essay  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time, the world has been intolerant of people that are different or stand out. People have an issue accepting others that have contrasting views, values, opinions, beliefs, and even appearances. Whether we like it or not, there is a little bit racism in all of us, although it may not be as evident in one person as it is in another. In the 2004 film,  Crash, race is portrayed as being an abnormality that negativelyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 1394 Words   |  6 PagesCRASH! This was the last sound Tim Horton heard before he crashed into the woods. His drunk body made the violent rolling of the car feel like nothing. His mind still back at the bar, crying for a better life. He wanted this attempt to be painless and quick, but was depressed to see his immaculated body upside down in his turnovered car. The drunk had no more tears to shed, he had no screams to let out; all he could do was hit his head against the seat. He wanted something to break ,bu t his mindRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 1174 Words   |  5 Pages Crash, a movie released in 2004, was set during what seemed to be quite a short time after the incident of 9/11. The entirety of this film paints such an emotional and touching portrait of racism within our seemingly modern society. It shows quite a few ethnic stereotypes that many people still will witness today; an older man who must obviously be Muslim because he s from the Middle East, and a Latino gang member who bears an assortment of tattoos and sports a shaved head. The interactions

Seven Differents Jobs in Dental Occupations - 1862 Words

â€Å"Every tooth in a man’s head is more valuable than a diamond,† (Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, 1605). Living by this philosophy, I’ve decided that I want to become a dentist. When I made this decision, I knew absolutely nothing about what it was like to be a dentist, and the numerous jobs I could do as one. I thought that every dentist did the same thing, but boy was I wrong. Over the fifteen plus hours I spent shadowing my mentor, Dr. Victor Nitu, I learnt a lot of new stuff that has helped me narrow down what exactly I want to do as a dentist in the future. There are seven possible jobs I will be covering, and each entail a different pay, amount of schooling needed, and job responsibilities. A general practitioner/general dentist, is†¦show more content†¦An Endodontist, who has experience treating a wider range of tooth problems, may be better able to recommend the best treatment than a general dentist† (â€Å"What Is an Endodontist?† 2014). The average amount an Endodontist is projected to make is $249,000 per year (â€Å"Endodontist Salary,† 2014). The amount they make makes sense to me considering the fact that they are specialists at what they do. The job of an Endodontist can be really repetitive also because a good 90% of your day will more likely be spent doing root canals. I believe that this job will get very boring and taxing on the body because of the amount of repetition involved. â€Å"A periodontist is a dentist who specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease, and in the placement of dental implants,† (â€Å"What is a Periodontist?† 2014). Because they have specialized in this area, they know the latest technology to use, latest technique to do, and they can easily diagnose a patient dealing with their area of specialty faster than a general dentist can. They tend to treat really serious cases like that of someone with an intense medical history, and that of severe gum diseases. To become a periodontist, one must first go to dental school, and then afterwards go to a three years periodontics specialty program/school. After about 11 years of schooling, the average periodontist ends up making about $249,000 (Periodontist Salary. 2014). I think that they deserve this amount of money thatShow MoreRelatedEssay A Calling in Dentistry2285 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction; Prior to starting the career project there were several occupations that caught my interest, being a firefighter, a marine biologist, and a dentist. However looking at the economy I realize that I need to obtain a sustainable job that will be on the rise, and of the three I narrowed it down to one field, dentistry. Inspired by my dentist, Nicholas Chiotelis, I saw his line of work and his passion for the career it became apparent that it was my calling as well. History and Development: Read MoreBeing A Physical Therapist Has Done You Know What You Are Doing But After Graduation?1681 Words   |  7 Pagesknow the answer to this question, for there is a very broad range of things to do. I have known ever since I was little that I wanted to go to college for something along the lines of medical science, or health science. I just was not sure for what job exactly. It was not until this previous summer when it hit me that I wanted to become a physical therapist. One day my mother and I went to Vantage Physical Therapy because she had an appointment for her foot. As soon as I walked into the building,Read MoreBackground Of Hair And Makeup1219 Words   |  5 Pages According to The Motion Picture Association of America there are nearly 1140 films released each year. This means that approximately 68,400 different shots are taken in films annually. For every shot or scene in a movie, the hair and makeup artist has to complete each characters look. Hair and makeup artistry involves the application of makeup to the skin and the creativity to create unique hairstyles and looks. Anyone considering becoming a hair and makeup artist should consider the preparationRead MoreWhy Is A Physician? Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesin varying fields, M.D (Medical Doctor) physicians occupy a big role in different settings of healthcare today. They tend to be very intelligent, leaders, and caring individuals which gives others a person to look to for direction and a sense of security in the workplace. However, with these responsibilities as a physician comes a great deal of work and research to get a better idea of what to do to become one and what the job includes. The several fields of research to get a better understand ofRead MoreSweat, Stress, And Tears Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pageskey to life is to do well in high school so that they can get accepted into the best possible colleges. However, this was not the case in our parents†™ generation. My parents never attended college, let alone got a high school diploma. At the age of seven, they were working and that was their normalcy, whereas, in today’s generation, the process of elementary, middle, and high school is what we are taught the minute we enter this world. Although some students may agree, while others disagree, collegeRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Gender And Gender Discrimination1574 Words   |  7 Pagesthen they are looked at differently. Sexism takes place in many different forms, the work place, at home, and even the media. LITERATURE REVIEW: Occupational sexism refers to discriminatory practices, statements, and/ or actions based on a person s gender which occurs in a place of employment (Women and Gender Discrimination). For every one dollar a man makes a women makes seventy-seven cent, even if they have the same job (â€Å"Pay Equity and Discrimination†). The workplace is one of the mostRead MoreForensic Psychology : Criminal Investigation And The Law2261 Words   |  10 Pagesto court and help decides someone’s fate. It may not be the most popular job or the career with the most recognition but for many it is morally satisfying. Job Duties In this job occupation the main responsibilities are applying psychology to the field of criminal investigation and the law. Many who practice in this field work within the courts in custody disputes, insurance claims and law suits. As can be seen in Figure 1 job duties can range from trial consultations to attorneys to assessment ofRead MoreSample Personal Statement4383 Words   |  18 Pagesfeel that the field of dentistry will afford me such opportunities as I participate in it. I will be successful in dental school because of my dedication to the pursuit of academic excellence and my desire to succeed. I have gained experience in public speaking through my various service and academic activities and enjoy meeting and dealing with people, which will serve me in dental school and as a professional healthcare provider. I have increased my fine motor skills and manual dexterity throughRead MoreCreating Your Dream Job1757 Words   |  8 Pagesshall define compensation and benefits along with their advantages for a company and its workers. My dream job will be Compensation Manager in HR department. Compensation managers plan, direct, and coordinate how and how much an organization pays its employees. Benefits managers do the same for retirement plans, health insurance, and other benefits an organization offers its employees. Job Description: Compensation and benefits managers typically do the following: †¢ Set the organizations payRead MoreProsecuting The Melting Pot By Helen T. Nguyen1901 Words   |  8 Pagesclient: the People. And the People are equally entitled to their day in court, to a fair and impartial trial, and to justice. (p. 166) This essay will inform how to get to achieving a prosecutor position, what life is like after getting the job, and the different possibilities after a few years of experience. Prosecuting The Melting Pot Section I Ever since as a young child, I have had an unreasonable anger and resentment towards felonists. There has never been anything that made me

The Giver Essay Dystopia Free Essays

It is difficult for us to imagine a world without color, personal freedoms, and love, but in this book, the society is exactly this. Being able to make your own choices is really important, most of us don’t realize it right now but it’s important to appreciate freedom. In the Giver, what may seem like a perfect society is actually a dystopia is because theres no individuality, you are assigned a family, and jobs were assigned as well. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giver Essay Dystopia or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, individuality didn’t even exist in this community. Everything is conform, no one is allowed to know their own identity, and everyone’s lives are pre-programmed and ran by the Committee of The Elders. No one had emotions, feelings, or memories. They don’t see color and the weather in neither sunny, rainy, or snowy. Imagine how different life would be without memories or feelings. No stories to tell, not knowing what love is. Therefore, the association that Jonas lives in is dull, pre-planned and un-individual. Also, families are assigned in this union. Your placed in a family unit and you aren’t allowed to have your own kids or know your biological parents are. Your paired with a spouse that you don’t even love. How would you feel if your parents were not people who created you? How would you like not knowing who your real parents are? Thus, it’s important to realize how important it is to value your family and freedom because this society had assigned family. Another reason this realm is a dystopia is because jobs are assigned to each person. â€Å" It’s choosing thats important isn’t it? ’’(Pg 110) For instance, being assigned jobs keeps you from living out your dreams and setting goals in life. What if you weren’t able too do what you have a true passion for. How would you like not being able to chose what you want to do for a living. All and all, through these words of evidence, its pretty clear that the community is dystopia. How to cite The Giver Essay Dystopia, Essays

Jean Arp Essays - Dada, Art Movements, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara

Jean Arp ?Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mother's womb,? once commented Jean Arp--a remarkable twentieth-century sculptor, painter and poet associated with and a forefather of the Dada and Surrealist movements. The avant-garde artist was born on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he studied at the Ecole des Arts et M?tiers. In 1905, he transferred to the Weimar Academy and then to Paris at the Acad?mie Julian in 1908, and subsequent to graduation resumed his painting in Weggis, Switzerland in isolation. By 1912, Jean Arp had become associated with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a group of Expressionist artists in Munich, where he exhibited ?semi-figurative? drawings and became well-acquainted with fellow artist Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he exhibited with another group of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalon--or Autumn Salon, an art exhibition--in Berlin. Aware of the developments within the French avant-garde through his contacts with such artists as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp presented his first abstracts and paper cutouts in Z?rich in 1915 and arranged his first shallow wooden reliefs and compositions of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the art of Jean Arp consisted of abstract and angularly patterned tapestries and drawings, but soon matured as he became the co-founder of the revolutionary Dadaist school of artists in Z?rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His familiar abstract and curvilinear forms debuted in 1917, and in 1919 he continued his Dadaist portrayals with Ernst in Cologne before participating in the Berlin Dada exhibition of 1920. Jean Arp married Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was most notable for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and humorous cut-cardboard constructions. He settled with his wife at Meudon in 1927, when he participated in the Surrealist movement and had his first one-man exhibition at the Galerie Surr?aliste in Paris. He then parted with Surrealism to become a co-founder of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his characteristic organic forms became more severe and geometrical. In the 1930s, Jean Arp began to work in freestanding sculpture, carving and molding a variety of substances. An example of his smooth, biomorphic forms is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, located in the Mus?e National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Arp was tenacious in correcting art critics as to the nature of his sculptures; he insisted that his pieces were ?concrete? rather than ?abstract?, since they occupied space, and that art was a natural generation of form--?a fruit that grows in man?, as he had stated. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to finish a monumental wood and metal relief for Harvard University; in 1958, he composed a mural relief for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was awarded the international prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp died on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, survived by his second wife, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A dominant personality within abstract art, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and sculptures have had a decisive influence upon the sculpture of this century. Bibliography: www.artcyclopedia.com www.artchive.com Jean Arp Essays - Dada, Art Movements, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara Jean Arp ?Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mother's womb,? once commented Jean Arp--a remarkable twentieth-century sculptor, painter and poet associated with and a forefather of the Dada and Surrealist movements. The avant-garde artist was born on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he studied at the Ecole des Arts et M?tiers. In 1905, he transferred to the Weimar Academy and then to Paris at the Acad?mie Julian in 1908, and subsequent to graduation resumed his painting in Weggis, Switzerland in isolation. By 1912, Jean Arp had become associated with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a group of Expressionist artists in Munich, where he exhibited ?semi-figurative? drawings and became well-acquainted with fellow artist Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he exhibited with another group of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalon--or Autumn Salon, an art exhibition--in Berlin. Aware of the developments within the French avant-garde through his contacts with such artists as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp presented his first abstracts and paper cutouts in Z?rich in 1915 and arranged his first shallow wooden reliefs and compositions of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the art of Jean Arp consisted of abstract and angularly patterned tapestries and drawings, but soon matured as he became the co-founder of the revolutionary Dadaist school of artists in Z?rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His familiar abstract and curvilinear forms debuted in 1917, and in 1919 he continued his Dadaist portrayals with Ernst in Cologne before participating in the Berlin Dada exhibition of 1920. Jean Arp married Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was most notable for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and humorous cut-cardboard constructions. He settled with his wife at Meudon in 1927, when he participated in the Surrealist movement and had his first one-man exhibition at the Galerie Surr?aliste in Paris. He then parted with Surrealism to become a co-founder of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his characteristic organic forms became more severe and geometrical. In the 1930s, Jean Arp began to work in freestanding sculpture, carving and molding a variety of substances. An example of his smooth, biomorphic forms is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, located in the Mus?e National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Arp was tenacious in correcting art critics as to the nature of his sculptures; he insisted that his pieces were ?concrete? rather than ?abstract?, since they occupied space, and that art was a natural generation of form--?a fruit that grows in man?, as he had stated. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to finish a monumental wood and metal relief for Harvard University; in 1958, he composed a mural relief for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was awarded the international prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp died on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, survived by his second wife, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A dominant personality within abstract art, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and sculptures have had a decisive influence upon the sculpture of this century. Bibliography www.artcyclopedia.com www.artchive.com Arts and Painting