Jean Arp Essays - Dada, Art Movements, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara

Jean Arp ?Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mother's womb,? once commented Jean Arp--a remarkable twentieth-century sculptor, painter and poet associated with and a forefather of the Dada and Surrealist movements. The avant-garde artist was born on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he studied at the Ecole des Arts et M?tiers. In 1905, he transferred to the Weimar Academy and then to Paris at the Acad?mie Julian in 1908, and subsequent to graduation resumed his painting in Weggis, Switzerland in isolation. By 1912, Jean Arp had become associated with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a group of Expressionist artists in Munich, where he exhibited ?semi-figurative? drawings and became well-acquainted with fellow artist Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he exhibited with another group of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalon--or Autumn Salon, an art exhibition--in Berlin. Aware of the developments within the French avant-garde through his contacts with such artists as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp presented his first abstracts and paper cutouts in Z?rich in 1915 and arranged his first shallow wooden reliefs and compositions of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the art of Jean Arp consisted of abstract and angularly patterned tapestries and drawings, but soon matured as he became the co-founder of the revolutionary Dadaist school of artists in Z?rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His familiar abstract and curvilinear forms debuted in 1917, and in 1919 he continued his Dadaist portrayals with Ernst in Cologne before participating in the Berlin Dada exhibition of 1920. Jean Arp married Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was most notable for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and humorous cut-cardboard constructions. He settled with his wife at Meudon in 1927, when he participated in the Surrealist movement and had his first one-man exhibition at the Galerie Surr?aliste in Paris. He then parted with Surrealism to become a co-founder of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his characteristic organic forms became more severe and geometrical. In the 1930s, Jean Arp began to work in freestanding sculpture, carving and molding a variety of substances. An example of his smooth, biomorphic forms is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, located in the Mus?e National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Arp was tenacious in correcting art critics as to the nature of his sculptures; he insisted that his pieces were ?concrete? rather than ?abstract?, since they occupied space, and that art was a natural generation of form--?a fruit that grows in man?, as he had stated. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to finish a monumental wood and metal relief for Harvard University; in 1958, he composed a mural relief for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was awarded the international prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp died on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, survived by his second wife, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A dominant personality within abstract art, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and sculptures have had a decisive influence upon the sculpture of this century. Bibliography: www.artcyclopedia.com www.artchive.com Jean Arp Essays - Dada, Art Movements, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara Jean Arp ?Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mother's womb,? once commented Jean Arp--a remarkable twentieth-century sculptor, painter and poet associated with and a forefather of the Dada and Surrealist movements. The avant-garde artist was born on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he studied at the Ecole des Arts et M?tiers. In 1905, he transferred to the Weimar Academy and then to Paris at the Acad?mie Julian in 1908, and subsequent to graduation resumed his painting in Weggis, Switzerland in isolation. By 1912, Jean Arp had become associated with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a group of Expressionist artists in Munich, where he exhibited ?semi-figurative? drawings and became well-acquainted with fellow artist Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he exhibited with another group of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalon--or Autumn Salon, an art exhibition--in Berlin. Aware of the developments within the French avant-garde through his contacts with such artists as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp presented his first abstracts and paper cutouts in Z?rich in 1915 and arranged his first shallow wooden reliefs and compositions of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the art of Jean Arp consisted of abstract and angularly patterned tapestries and drawings, but soon matured as he became the co-founder of the revolutionary Dadaist school of artists in Z?rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His familiar abstract and curvilinear forms debuted in 1917, and in 1919 he continued his Dadaist portrayals with Ernst in Cologne before participating in the Berlin Dada exhibition of 1920. Jean Arp married Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was most notable for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and humorous cut-cardboard constructions. He settled with his wife at Meudon in 1927, when he participated in the Surrealist movement and had his first one-man exhibition at the Galerie Surr?aliste in Paris. He then parted with Surrealism to become a co-founder of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his characteristic organic forms became more severe and geometrical. In the 1930s, Jean Arp began to work in freestanding sculpture, carving and molding a variety of substances. An example of his smooth, biomorphic forms is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, located in the Mus?e National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Arp was tenacious in correcting art critics as to the nature of his sculptures; he insisted that his pieces were ?concrete? rather than ?abstract?, since they occupied space, and that art was a natural generation of form--?a fruit that grows in man?, as he had stated. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to finish a monumental wood and metal relief for Harvard University; in 1958, he composed a mural relief for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was awarded the international prize for sculpture at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp died on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, survived by his second wife, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A dominant personality within abstract art, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and sculptures have had a decisive influence upon the sculpture of this century. Bibliography www.artcyclopedia.com www.artchive.com Arts and Painting

Leadership Approach Paper †Behavioral Approach Essays

Leadership Approach Paper – Behavioral Approach Essays Leadership Approach Paper – Behavioral Approach Paper Leadership Approach Paper – Behavioral Approach Paper Leadership Approach Paper – Organizations depend on the management and leadership skills of individuals in order to be successful. Leaders do not have to be managers but are equally important. Leaders are individuals who possess traits, behavior and abilities to influence others to accomplish tasks and other needed objectives for the company. Leadership is defined as â€Å"the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. . . .† (House et al. , 1999, pg. 184). According to Yuki, G. 2010) there are five different leadership approaches that are being researched. These five approaches are: 1. Trait approach 2. Behavior approach 3. Power-influence approach 4. Situational approach 5. Integrative approach This paper analyzes the behavioral approach and includes strengths and weaknesses of that approach as well as an example of this leadership approach used in a n organization. Behavioral leadership approach The behavioral approach started in the early 1950’s due to the discouragement of researchers with the trait approach. This approach focuses on the behavior of leaders and the way they â€Å"did† and accomplished tasks. Different patterns of behavior were grouped together and labeled as styles. This became a very popular activity within management training – perhaps the best known being Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid (1964; 1978)† (Doyle Smith, 2011). The four main styles in regard to the behavioral approach research by Doyle Smith 2011 are: concern for the task, concern for the people, directive leadership and participative leadership. Personal example of use of this leadership approach Looking at all five different approaches of leadership styles, the behavioral approach is the one approach I am personally most familiar with. Other than traits of people, behavior can be learned. The learning capability of this approach is the biggest advantage and strengths present. A person can change behaviors and learn new ones which lead directly into the weaknesses of this approach. It is a not an easy task to change behavior, especially if a person is not interested in change. This is approach seems to best fit my personal leadership approach. Looking back at my previous employment as a financial associate at Boone County National Bank, I can relate to the definition of the behavioral approach. I was always concerned about given tasks and people. My behavior influenced others to follow and start behaving the same way I did. A great example is the way I used to deal with my customers. I was friendly, concerned with their business and ensured that they were well taken care of. By being concerned and open minded, I completed sales and other branch needed tasks without pushing or forcing myself on someone. With a combination of traits and behavior me and my colleagues made a great team and were able to complete all tasks on time, efficiently and effectively as well as satisfy all of our customers and managers. Looking back over the accomplishments of the branch I worked in as well as my personal accomplishments, I feel proud of what I have helped accomplish. Conclusion Understanding the difference between effective management and effective leadership is important. Leaders are not always born leaders; they can be formed into leaders if that is what they want. All five leadership approaches combined would form the perfect leader but each individual has special traits and behaviors that can make one into a leader. The behavioral approach is one of the few approaches that can be learned and it is amazing what a difference in behavior can do for someone. Reference Doyle, M. E. , Smith, M. K. (2011, December 01). Classical Leadership. Retrieved from http:// infed. org/leadership/traditional_leadership. htm House et al (1999), Leadership definition, pg. 184 Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx#biblio01_331 Yukin, G. (2010) Leadership in organizations (7th ed. ), chapter 1.

10 Misspelled Words That Get Me Down

10 Misspelled Words That Get Me Down 10 Misspelled Words That Get Me Down 10 Misspelled Words That Get Me Down By Maeve Maddox NOTE: Any spell-check program ought to catch most of these for you. However, the wisest course is to master them yourself. For fun, I did a search for the incorrect version of nine of the ten. I didn’t bother with Number 7 because both its and it’s are valid spellings. The number of hits for the misspellings is shown in parentheses. Some refer to intentional misspellings on English sites like this one, but not all. 1. argument (arguement 730,000) The verb is argue, but the noun is argument. 2. calendar (calender 29,600,000)   The register on which you schedule your appointments is spelled calendar. Yes, there is a specialized term spelled calender that refers to paper production, but I doubt that it accounts for millions of uses. 3. cemetery (cemetary185,000,000) There are three e’s in cemetery. Nary an a in sight. 4. definite (definate 539,000) Think, finite, infinite, infinity. Look at all those i’s. No a’s anywhere in definite. 5. finally (finaly 1,450,000) The adjective is final. The adverb is finally. Double that l in finally. 6. forty (fourty 783,000)   One less than five is spelled four. One more than thirty-nine is spelled forty. 7. its (possessive adjective) The problem with this habitual misspelling is that both its and it’s are English spellings. It’s is a contraction of the words â€Å"It is.† Its is a possessive adjective, like his. The best advice is to spell out â€Å"it is† when that is your meaning. You cannot rely on grammar/spell checkers to catch this one. Indeed, Word often advises me to write â€Å"it’s† when the context calls for its. 8. separate (seperate 31,700,000)   Take the word by syllables: sep-a-rate. Yes, we pronounce it [sep-uh-ret], but we spell it sep-a-rate. Look for â€Å"a rat† in sep.a.rat.e. 9. tragedy (tradgedy 212,000) The g in tragedy is soft. The e makes the g soft. No extra d, please. 10. truly (truely 62,600,000)   The adjective is true. The adverb is truly. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Common Mistakes category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherConnotations of 35 Words for Funny People40 Synonyms for Praise

Stereotyping of Latina Women in the United States Research Paper

Stereotyping of Latina Women in the United States - Research Paper Example But some sections of society seem to be purposely promoting the stereotypical images of some races for conveniences of a certain kind. One of these sections is the entertainment media industry and their convenience in this regard is the ease in selling their product. While there are a few common tendencies of the TV and film industry of stereotyping groups of people, like African Americans and chopper riders, this paper sheds light on the entertainment media’s love affair with certain portrayals of Latino women. It traces the origins of the practice of stereotyping Latinas on TV and film, investigates its immersion in modern society, calculates its impact on the lives of its affectees and alludes to the solution of the problem. Stereotypes It was Gary D. Keller (2) who, in 1994, first drew a detailed picture of the problem, characterising the three principle types of stereotypes that are promulgated by the mainstream TV and film media. These include the image of a sexually att ractive, flamboyant middle-aged woman; the ill-fated, subservient, selfless single woman and the deceptive and cunning beauty that stabs its admirers in the back for vested interests. The portrayal of Latino women as sexual objects is the most common stereotype of Latinas in the TV and film industry. ... It is also common for producers to cast Latinas as poor housewives sacrificing their joys for the well being of their family’s interrelations or as housekeepers showing utter selflessness and subservience to their masters. In a recent study (Rivadeneyra, 393), seven groups of thirty seven students in total were shown montages of different TV shows and movies casting Latino actresses. In their observations, two of the seven groups noted that that it is rare to see Latinos playing positive roles on television: â€Å"They always portray them as the lower class or as the maids or whatever. You never see a CEO of a company being Hispanic or whatever like in a regular TV show.† These trends of stereotyping of Latinas are not fading away yet. Just this year a new show called "Devious Maids" (Shearmur), produced in the famous ABC studios aired, depicting the story of five Latino maids. The show seems to combine two popular stereotypes of Latino women and proves that there still is great market demand for such portrayals of Latino women. Origins and Causes The portrayal of a certain group of people on camera cannot have much bearing on the group’s place in the real world. How then, does this stereotyping of Latinas by the TV and film industry translate to the great inaccuracy in perception of Latinas in American society? In her critical analysis of this issue’s manifestation in the popular TV series Desperate Housewives, Debra Merskin (133) answers this question: â€Å"It is through the repetition of these Latina stereotypes in mass media, both on and off screen that solidifies these stereotypes of Latina women in society.† It is evidently well qualified to say that

Drawing on the concept of fashion as a form of communication, Essay

Drawing on the concept of fashion as a form of communication, critically analyze the role that fashion and clothes have in shaping people's identities - Essay Example This is the reason why fashion is spread out so as to make people understand where they are coming from and how they shall be seen within the related scheme of things. This is the exact manner under which their relevant selves will be highlighted and their personal beliefs shall be bolstered. This paper will discuss how the concept of fashion has evolved over a period of time and how it closely linked with culture and the identity basis. How people’s ideologies have been shaped up with respect to fashion is also something that this paper shall delve upon. Before fashion can be studied in-depth, it is required that the role of society under which it exists is taken note of. This is because this very society adopts and adapts it so that the people can have it within their lives to give out a statement. Why society can pose as a serious problem for the fashion domains from making its mark is a significant aspect that should be taken note of. This is because fashion pinpoints the basis of societal representation from vastly different ideologies. These concepts can change with the advent of time and be based on the beliefs of a select few, which is another point of much consideration. It must be remembered here that the society has the final say in making up the realms of fashion and how it is culturally adopted across the board. The leaders within any society of the world would have their own opinions when it comes to fashion and its inter-related pointers (Kim 2013). This discusses the tangent of cultural adaptations which can be had wi thin the relevant thick of things, and which always remain necessary to comprehend. Hence fashion needs to be given a chance on a proactive basis for it to make its mark on a local as well as a global level. This is when it is truly and wholly manifested. The role of fashion and clothes in shaping the peoples identities has been immense and this has been the case

classical conditioning Essay -- essays research papers

When ever the bell rings in any school in any nationyou are guaranteed to see students and teachers file into the hallway.   This automatic response comes from somethingthat has been around for a long time called classical conditioning. Classicalconditioning was discovered and researched by Ivan Pavlov, a Russianphysiologist.   His famous experimentwith his dog is known to nearly everyone who has had a middle school or highereducation.   He fed his dog in a pattern,every time he fed his dog he rang a bell.  Eventually the dog associated the bell with food and would begin tosalivate just on hearing the bell.   Thatis the original experiment proving classical conditioning.   What is aconditioned stimulus?   â€Å"A neutralstimulus that, after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, becomesassociated with it and elicits a conditioned response.† (World of Psychologypg167)  Ã‚   In English it is something thatis used to train someone or something through repetition.   Pavlov made use of this in his experiment toshow classical conditioning.   Where asan unconditioned stimulus is something that is unlearned but is just respondedto out of instinct.   Pavlov’s dog, for examplehad one unconditioned stimulus and one conditioned stimulus.   Both the conditioned and unconditionedstimuli were to an unconditioned response, the dog salivating.   The unconditioned stimulus was the dog foodthat started the dog salivating.   The conditionedstimulus or new stimulus was the bell being rung every time the dog was fed.After awhile the unconditioned stimulus wasn’t even needed, because the dog wasnow conditioned to respond to the bell and salivate whenever he heard thebell.   Things like this happened all thetime, for example; when I put on running shoes and running clothes my dog willbecome extremely hyper because she knows we are going outside and she will getto run around. Probably thestrongest application of classical conditioning is emotions.   Human emotions are condition extremelyeasily to things that provoke strong reaction, things such as Adolf Hitler, theIRS, the American Flag and chemistry class because of their associations withour emotions.   If something like thatprovoked a strong emotion before in your life when brought up in conversationthe strong emotion that was conditioned comes up also.   For example when a person meets someone withthe same name as someone they previously lik... ...   He thenwondered would the dog still salivate if he attached the device to the dogspelvis, then hind paw, then shoulder, then foreleg and finally the frontpaw.   He discovered that the farther hegot from the rear thigh, or the original conditioning, the less of a salivatingresponse.   Other examples of this arethings such as someone who was attacked by a dog when he or she was young andtherefore grew up hating and fearing all dogs.   On the other sideof generalization there must be discrimination.   Pavlov decided he didn’t want his dogs to salivate to any othertones but â€Å"C.†Ã‚   This was not very hard all that was need was to cause extinction in any other type of tone.   The â€Å"C† tone was reinforced by continuouslygiving food after the tone was rung.   On the other hand whenever any other tone was sounded it was not reinforced by food.   Thus the dog became more conditioned to â€Å"C† and the conditioned responses for the other tones becameextinct. Classicalconditioning has and will continue to be around forever.   It is part of human nature and many peopletake advantage of it daily.   It can beused to dispel fears or as training for a job, it doesn’t matter what it is for it will just be there.

Cost Accounting – Acct 3334 Chapter 9 Solutions

Chapter 9 solutions (P9-28, -29, -40)   9-28 (10 min. ) CDenominator-level problem 1. Budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead costs rates: Budgeted Fixed Budgeted Fixed Denominator Manufacturing Budgeted Manufacturing Level Capacity Overhead per Capacity Overhead CostConceptPeriodLevelRate Theoretical$4, 560, 0003, 600 $ 1, 266. 67Practical4,560,0002,4001,900. 00 Normal4,560,0001,2003,800. 00 Master-budget4,560,0001,4403,166. 67 The rates are different because of varying denominator-level concepts. Theoretical and practical capacity levels are driven by supply-side concepts, i. e. , â€Å"how much can produce? † Normal and master-budget capacity levels are driven by demand-side concepts, i. e. , â€Å"how much can we sell? † (or â€Å"how much should we produce? †) 2. In order to incorporate fixed manufacturing costs into unit product costs, fixed manufacturing costs have to be unitized for inventory costing.Absorption costing is the method used for tax reporting and for financial reporting using generally accepted accounting principles. The choice of a denominator level becomes relevant under absorption costing because fixed costs are accounted for along with variable costs at the individual product level. Variable and throughput costing account for fixed costs as a lump sum, expensed in the period incurred. 3. The variances that arise from use of the theoretical or practical level concepts will signal that there is a divergence between the supply of capacity and the demand for capacity.This is useful input to managers. As a general rule, however, it is important not to place undue reliance on the production volume variance as a measure of the economic costs of unused capacity. 4. Under a cost-based pricing system, the choice of a master-budget level denominator will lead to high prices when demand is low (more fixed costs allocated to the individual product level), further eroding demand; conversely it will lead to low prices when demand is high, forgoing profits.This has been referred to as the downward demand spiral—the continuing reduction in demand that occurs when the prices of competitors are not met and demand drops, resulting in even higher unit costs and even more reluctance to meet the prices of competitors. The positive aspect of the master-budget denominator level is that it indicates the price at which all costs per unit would be recovered to enable the company to make a profit. Master-budget denominator level is also a good benchmark against which to evaluate performance. -40(20 min. )Cost allocation, downward demand spiral. 1. = = Budgeted denominator level=2,920,000 meals WHM is using budgeted usage as its denominator level for calculating the budgeted fixed costs per meal in 2007. 2. Alternative denominator levels include: a. Capacity available. The data in the problem note that the facility can serve 3,650,000 meals a year. With this denominator level, there will be budgeted unused capacity, which could be recorded as a separate line in the cost report for the Santa Monica facility. . Budgeted usage of capacity. With the 2007 budgeted usage of 2,920,000 meals, the fixed costs charge is $1. 80 per meal. The marketplace is signalling that WHM’s own central food-catering facility is not providing value for the costs charged. If Cheung decides to raise prices to recover fixed costs from a declining demand base, he will likely encounter the downward demand spiral: Budgeted Denominator(1)| Variable Cost per Meal(2)| Fixed Cost per Meal$5,256,000 ? 1)(3)| Total Cost per Meal(4)| 3,650,000| $4. 56| $1. 44| $6. 00| 2,920,000| 4. 56| 1. 80| 6. 36| 2,550,000| 4. 56| 2. 06| 6. 62| 2,000,000| 4. 56| 2. 63| 7. 19| Cheung might adopt a contribution margin approach, which means viewing the $4. 56 variable cost as the only per-unit cost and the $5,256,000 as a fixed cost. Alternatively, Cheung could use practical capacity to cost the meals and work to reduce costs of unused capa city. 3. Three factors managers should consider in pricing decisions: a. Customers.Cheung is facing customers who are dissatisfied with both the cost and the quality of the meal service. Three of the 10 hospitals have already elected to use an outside canteen service. b. Competitors. For the three hospitals terminating use of the Santa Monica facility, at least one competitor is more cost-effective. The seven remaining hospitals likely will be very interested in how this competitor performs at the three hospitals. c. Costs. Jenkins should consider ways to reduce both the variable costs per meal and the fixed costs.